principles of natural resource conservation

Common land may exist without ownership, in which case in the UK it is vested in a local authority. Approaches are similar among, for example, Ontario Parks (Parks Research Forum of Ontario 2006), British Columbia (British Columbia Ministry of the Environment 2006) United States National Park Service (U.S. National Park Service 2006), European Union (European Communities 2005), IUCN (World Conservation Union 2006) and UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme 2006). A native or non-native species seeded primarily for the purpose of protecting and improving soil and microsite conditions to enhance the establishment of These programs have been delivered regionally, through 56 State government bodies, successfully allowing regional communities to decide the natural resource priorities for their regions. Parks Canada and the Canadian Parks Council are particularly grateful for the participation of SER members Jim Harris, Eric Higgs, Dennis Martinez, Stephen Murphy, John Volpe, and Steve Whisenant. Queen's Printer for Ontario. Young, A 1998, Land resources: now and for the future, Cambridge University Press, UK, Dale, VH, Brown, S, Hawuber, RA, Hobbs, NT, Huntly, Nj Naiman, RJ, Riebsame, WE, Turner, MG & Valone, TJ 2000, ‘Ecological guidelines for land use and management’, in Dale, VH & Hawuber, RA (eds), Applying ecological principles to land management, Springer-Verlag, NY, "Resilient landscapes and communities managing natural resources in New South Wales", "Bachelor of Applied Science (Natural Resource Management)", Geog 175: Topics in the History of Natural Resource Management: Spring 2006: Rangelands, Natural Resource Management and Environmental History, "Guidance note on how to do stakeholder analysis of aid projects and programmes", "Environment (Wales) Act 2016. Fraser and P. Gray, editors, 1999. On the basis of origin, natural resources may be divided into two types: Considering their stage of development, natural resources may be referred to in the following ways: On the basis of recovery rate, natural resources can be categorized as follows: Resource extraction involves any activity that withdraws resources from nature. Be a Zoo for all. Communicating results to policy-makers and decision-makers helps ensure ongoing support and funding and is particularly important in ensuring the long-term funding needs of complex projects that may require ongoing maintenance and intervention are met. Any conflicts amongst heritage values must be resolved before the planning process proceeds. Found inside – Page 73Although we do not liken our natural resources programs to the huge tasks carried on by our national defense arm we do see ... So far as renewable natural resources are concerned , the principles of sustained and continuing yields are ... It is believed to be current at the time of writing (December 2006). CONSERVATION PRINCIPLES Principle 1: The historic environment is a shared resource 19 Principle 2: Everyone should be able to participate in sustaining the historic environment 20 Principle 3: Understanding the significance of places is vital 21 Principle 4: Significant places should be managed to sustain their values 22 Check to see if your region falls within the area covered by one of these agreements. Remediating to generic levels without consideration of site-specific conditions. Part 613 NRCS National Resource Economics Handbook, Developing Cost Data for Conservation Planning (PDF, 261 KB) Principles and Guidelines for Water Resource Projects, 1983 (PDF, 852 KB) Principles and Requirements for Federal Investments in Water Resources, Chapters I - Principles and Chapter II - Requirements, March 2013 The restored ecosystem consists of indigenous species to the greatest practicable extent. However, ecological values of a protected area should be restored where they are threatened or degraded. A bush regeneration scheme can be informed by the overlay of rainfall, cleared land and erosion. In the case of species at risk, considering individual species recovery plans while working towards the ultimate goal of the restoration of protected area ecological integrity. Mike Wong Berkeley University of California: Geography: San Francisco State University: Department of Geography: GEOG 657/ENVS 657: Natural Resource Management: Biotic Resources: NSW Government 2005, Standard for Quality Natural Resource Management, NSW Natural Resources Commission, Sydney, Dandy, N. et al. Environment Canada. These Principles and Guidelines for Ecological Restoration in Canada's Protected Natural Areas were developed by a multi-jurisdictional, multi-disciplinary working group whose members volunteered their time and expertise. Promoting re-establishment of natural nutrient cycling (e.g. Tuxill, J.L., Mitchell, N.J. and J. Respect for all cultural and natural heritage values and the individuals who hold those values should be maintained throughout any related consultations. Inspire broad community support and collaborations. A Handbook for Parks Canada Employees on Consulting with Aboriginal Peoples. In this context, an outcome is the desired end-point for direct restoration actions, after which natural systems should be able to independently achieve the desired reference conditions. consultation), execution, and follow-up. Facilities such as visitors’ centers, roads, and campgrounds are capital. Before making the policy of precaution, categorical evidence is needed. A companion document will be deve-loped that demonstrates ecological restoration best practices through case studies that illustrate the application of these principles, guidelines, and implementation framework in protected natural areas in Canada. U.S. EPA http://www.epa.gov/superfund/programs/npl_hrs/hrsint.htm. Parks Canada. http://www.ontarioparks.com/english/legislation/background.html. p. 24-45 In: Martin R. Perrow and Anthony J. Davy (eds.) In some cases (e.g. 2005). http://www.nps.gov/phso/civic/civic.pdf. If degradation is allowed to continue and the biotic barrier is crossed (e.g. 6. This system allows certificate holders to market their products and services as the result of environmentally appropriate, socially … Increasingly, they are also striving to foster a sense of inclusiveness and shared responsibility among all Canadians for the protection and presentation of Canada's natural heritage through meaningful engagement and connections (Parks Canada Agency 2006a). The National Wildlife Federation brings nature to life in the pages of our publications, inspiring people of all ages and reading levels to develop a deeper relationship with our natural world. Parks Canada Agency 2006b. More are in preparation. Locations of the work should be specified as should the timing and costs of each activity. Similarly, although history should be taken into account as a guide to setting restoration objectives, it is not necessarily the only guide to effective restoration. In Wales, Natural Resources Wales, a Welsh Government sponsored body "pursues sustainable management of natural resources” and “applies the principles of sustainable management of natural resources” as stated in the Environment (Wales) Act 2016. Community Stewardship: A guide to establishing your own group. As syntheses of the state of understanding of the system, conceptual models can provide a basis for examining the potential risks and consequences of various restoration options and related management actions, as is discussed further in Step 5. Although program names vary from nation to nation, all express similar aims. Restoring natural hydrologic flow regimes in protected area ecosystems. Sinauer Associatess. Furthermore, it should be recognized that the field of ecological restoration is a rapidly changing one. British Columbia It is also important to note that applicable cultural heritage legislation (not listed here) should also be consulted. MacDonald, G.B, J.Z. population growth), economy, society, politics, and technology. A condition that is determined to be characteristic of (a park's) natural region and likely to persist, including abiotic components and the composition and abundance of native species and biological components, rates of change and supporting processes. Our Mission. of Restoration. They should ideally also be based on consultation with and support from other interested parties identified in Step 1, above. Many provinces also have guidelines and policy documents concerning Aboriginal consultation. The effort required to design and execute monitoring programs, to collect, evaluate, analyze, interpret, and synthesize data, and to report results should not be under-estimated (Parks Canada 2007). Continued collaborative work among Canadian and international protected areas specialists and managers in developing prioritization schemes should facilitate effective management planning. For example, loss of ecological integrity may trigger the need to restore for Wilderness Areas or National and Provincial Parks (IUCN categories I and II) whereas threats to a natural feature or to a specific species or community may be triggers for restoration in National Monuments or Wildlife Sanctuaries (IUCN category III and IV). The relative cost of different restoration options should be considered in this process. 97–113. United Nations Environment Programme. In some cases, existing Ecological Integrity Statements, or other similar statements of natural significance may need to be reviewed and updated. 2008. The physical environment of the restored ecosystem is capable of sustaining reproducing populations of the species necessary for its continued stability or development along the desired trajectory. In such cases, cause and effect may not be established and the generality of inferences that can be made from results will be more limited. The Yukon Environment and Socio-economic Assessment Act supercedes this agreement. [19] The current practice of agriculture is another factor causing depletion of natural resources. NO. Retaining materials excavated during required developments for restoration projects with similar soil/geological types. Engaging the public and other stakeholders prior to, during, and following re-introduction or manipulation of large carnivores (e.g. It expresses their unity with the natural and spiritual environment. The development of priorities for ecological restoration action by individual jurisdictions will generally be accomplished through their management planning processes. If it proves impossible to develop objectives that meet these criteria, it may be necessary to re-evaluate the problem definition (Step 2) and project goals (Step 3). Throughout this process, the specific guidelines referred to and the manner in which they are implemented must be balanced with other considerations, including social and cultural dimensions, related to the ecosystem of concern and the surrounding region, as is detailed in Chapter 4. Material remains of the association may be prominent, but will often be minimal or absent (Parks Canada 1999). This model also recognizes that both ecosystems and our values towards them shift over time and that long-term cultural and ecological processes are intertwined (e.g., Higgs 2003). These characteristics of ecosystems represent a challenge for restoration practitioners faced with deciding which interventions are required to restore the characteristic composition, structure, and function of protected area ecosystems. There are various frameworks and computer models developed to assist natural resource management. Seven features make the North American model distinct. Like ecological risk assessment, it is fundamentally a values and goal-driven process that identifies, organizes and analyzes diverse scientific and socio-cultural information to make informed decisions about appropriate management actions. Plans for managing data should be included during early data-gathering stages. On-going conflicts and lack of trust between stakeholders can prevent compromise and resolutions. 1994). Public Brainpower: Civil Society and Natural Resource Management, Cham: Palgrave, pp. For example, where the degree of intervention is limited to improvements in existing management strategies (section 3.2.1), an objective might be related to restoration of fire regime. In Quebec, the Nunavik Inuit Marine Region Final Agreement may be nearing completion. A "...successful management of natural resources depends on freedom of speech, a dynamic and wide-ranging public debate through multiple independent media channels and an active civil society engaged in natural resource issues...",[33] because of the nature of the shared resources the individuals who are affected by the rules can participate in setting or changing them. Ecological restoration helps parks and protected areas agencies respond to these challenges. In some cases (e.g. Implement land-use and land-management practices that are compatible with the natural potential of the area. enjoyment by humans) or to sustainable uses (e.g. Yellowstone National Park. Gaudet, C., EVS Environmental Consultants, and ESSA Environmental and Social Systems Analysts. (1999) ‘The politics of stakeholder theory: some further research directions,’ Business Ethics Quartley, vol. Parks Research Forum of Ontario. Once restoration projects are implemented, ongoing monitoring results should be evaluated and used to adapt (or adjust) design specifications. Reference ecosystems may be identifiable pre-disturbance conditions, actual undisturbed sites that represent the same type of ecosystem, descriptions of such sites, or other documentation that describes the target state of the restored ecosystem. Restoration Ecology: Repairing the Earth's Ecosystems in the New Millennium. The latest edition of Field’s acclaimed text highlights the incentives and trade-offs embedded in such decisions, providing a lucid introduction to natural resource issues using the analytical framework of economics. This approach enables decisions to be made regarding how to proceed (i.e. Be a Zoo for all. The scope of the project should be defined spatially and temporally, in consultation with stakeholders and partners. In addition, collection and archiving of data is critical to ensuring the success of future projects. Allowing natural regenerative processes to occur when restoration of ecological integrity is measurable within a reasonable timeframe. [30] The users have rights to devise their own management institutions and plans under the recognition by the government. (1986). The various approaches applied to natural resource management include: The community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) approach combines conservation objectives with the generation of economic benefits for rural communities. Grimble[21] designed this framework to ensure that the analysis is specific to the essential aspects of natural resource management. Statewide ‘Walk with a Doc’ Campaign Promotes Health and Nature. In implementing an adaptive management approach, restoration strategies are tested using a scientifically and statistically rigorous process that allows for an evaluation of their effectiveness through monitoring. They result from collaboration among experts and managers from Canada's federal, provincial and erritorial parks and protected areas agencies, Canadian and international universities, the US National Park Service, the Society for EcologicalRestoration International (SER), and SER's Indigenous Peoples Restoration Network Working Group. For example, a complex project is more likely to include goals and resulting objectives for social engagement, community participation, and mitigating unwanted off-site effects, as well as specific objectives for ecosystem attributes such as biodiversity, function, or stressors. Restoring natural topographic gradients (e.g. Eliminating human activities that contribute to the maintenance or restoration of ecological integrity. Both successes and failures should be reported to encourage ongoing learning and refinement of restoration techniques and processes. large remote ecosystems), there may not be sufficient background information available to identify changes relative to a reference condition. In conducting these activities, the Customer maintains control over what information is collected, how it is used, how long it is retained, and who it is disclosed to. While ecosystem management outside protected areas may be directed towards modifying or controlling nature, producing crops, or extracting natural resources, management efforts within protected areas are directed at maintaining ecosystems in as natural a state as possible. For example, through its management planning process, Parks Canada integrates information from research and monitoring to gain a better understanding of the state of natural and cultural heritage to make informed decisions for prioritizing actions. Studies in Ecology, Volume 6 no. Information exchange should be initiated during early planning stages of the project (e.g. Similarly characteristics of the restored ecosystem should be briefly described. Increasing public understanding, appreciation, support, and engagement towards ecological restoration in a variety of scales (local to global). Using original, ecologically based landscape design principles, the text underscores current thinking in landscape management and conservation. A threshold may therefore be either a target, in which case the management response would be to declare a successful conclusion to at least that aspect of the restoration project, or it could be an intermediate value invoking a change of prescription or justifying a continuation of a prescription. In the Unites States, wildlife is considered a public resource, independent of the land or water where wildlife may live. In Step 4, measurable project objectives are developed based on the goals established in Step 3 and, depending on the complexity of the project, a conceptual model for the restoration project is developed. Guiding Principles. If the Adobe download site is not accessible to you, you can download Acrobat Reader from an accessible page. stressors), is highly desirable. Causing sudden changes in water levels and flow regimes. Direct public engagement in restoration activities and additional, related education efforts facilitate the development of deeper understanding and appreciation of natural systems and the threats they face, and contribute to long-term societal commitment to restoration goals (Schneider 2005). World Conservation Union. They can lead to the development of a constituency of informed, involved and committed partners, stakeholders, community members, public and visitors who will serve as effective stewards of these special places. This includes the sources of valued characteristics such as commercial and industrial use, aesthetic value, scientific interest and cultural value. The planning of an ecological restoration project must also include consideration of the potential for adverse environmental effects. Restoring habitat features such as floodplains, riparian systems, woody debris accumulations, terraces, gravel bars, riffles, and pools, using natural materials wherever possible. Boulder: Westview Press, pp. EnvironmEntal and Social FramEwork 1707130_Environmental_and_Social_Framework.indd 1 5/25/17 8:34 AM These include the source of origin, stage of development, and by their renewability. Thus, preventing systems from crossing degradation thresholds in the first place, by removing degrading factors (i.e. Principle 5: Conservation of ecosystem structure and functioning, in order to maintain ecosystem services, should be … Conservation Biology. This book is concerned with enhancing the understanding of governance in relation to social justice and environmental sustainability across a range of natural resource sectors in Sub-Saharan Africa. Environment Canada It recognizes that cultural heritage is important not only as a way of supporting the process of restoration but also in building engaging relationships between culture and nature. Principles of ecological restoration (Chapter 2) as well as the heritage values and condition of the ecosystem to be restored (Steps 1 and 2 above) should guide the goal-setting process. 2. As Higgs (1997) states, "in order for it [ecological restoration] to avoid becoming a passing fad, it must … depend on the development of authentic engagements between people and ecosystem; in other words, the development of a heightened place awareness." Principles and Guidelines for Ecological Restoration in Canada's Protected Natural Areas. using cattle to graze in parts of Grasslands National Park). This book presents an overview of different institutional arrangements for tourism, biodiversity conservation and rural poverty reduction in eastern and southern Africa. Researchers argue there are areas of common interest where development goals and business cross. Ecological Concepts and Principles 7 3. Assuming that control measures taken against alien populations will be sufficient to allow for the recovery of a desired biological community. Likewise, they recognize (e.g. The Geographical Journal, Vol 166, No.4, December 2000, pp 323-335. Canadian Geographer 49(4):384-397. This was the second in a series of professional development classes for both formal and informal educators. Natural Resource Management Defined. [31] The global science-based platform to discuss natural resources management is the World Resources Forum, based in Switzerland. Canadian protected areas agencies recognize that ecosystems are dynamic. Guidelines for ecological restoration of Canada's protected natural areas (Chapter 3) should be referred to in order to ensure proposed treatments are consistent with recommended approaches. Hobbs, Richard J. A mosaic of two or more ecosystems that exchange organisms, energy, water and nutrients. This comprehensive book provides the ecological principles, policies, and practices to manage a sustainable future. Any unknowns that may lead to adjustment of the spatial extent or duration of the project should be identified. ecological integrity). Volume 1. Finally, it should also contribute to an understanding of pre-disturbance or reference conditions that can assist in the description of a "reference ecosystem" as is discussed in Step 4. Avoids adverse effects on ecosystem components, cultural heritage resources and socio-economic conditions. Monitoring of the success of ongoing maintenance activities should be included in the overall monitoring design. Society for Ecological Restoration 2002. 317. Project restoration goals must be based on consultation with and support from partners with a legal interest in the process and the outcomes. Natural Resource Management Defined. 1, pp. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford. Climate change, biodiversity conservation and protected area planning in Canada. Woodstock, Vermont: Conservation Study Institute. The principles and guidelines for ecological restoration presented here should be interpreted and applied within the context of the legislation and policy of relevant jurisdictions (Appendix I). 173–193, Gass, G., Biggs, S., Kelly, A. These Principles and Guidelines for Ecological Restoration in Canada's Protected Natural Areas represent the first-ever Canada-wide guidance for ecological restoration practices. [48] These are limited by the potential for subjective input and data manipulation. cultural heritage, visitor experience, participation, education, spirituality) outcomes. b) The regions of the Earth that contain highest levels of species endemism; Web pages. This book develops the Sustainable Governance Approach and the principles of Community-Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM). Identify and categorise the stakeholders that may have influence, Develop an understanding of why changes occur, Identify decision-makers and stakeholders, Investigate stakeholder interests and agendas, Investigate patterns of inter-action and dependence (e.g. [38], More broadly, a research study based in Tanzania and the Pacific researched what motivates communities to adopt CBNRM's and found that aspects of the specific CBNRM program, of the community that has adopted the program, and of the broader social-ecological context together shape the why CBNRM's are adopted. (2006) Principles of Conservation Biology (3rd ed.). National Park Service (USA). Ramsar Convention on Wetlands. Fundamentals of Conservation Biology. Plan for long-term change and unexpected events. Bottineau, ND - The Natural Resource Institute Part II "Focus on the Forest" was held June 9 & 10th at Dakota College at Bottineau. [23] 2006. Facilities such as visitors’ centers, roads, and campgrounds are capital. Alternatively, where interventions include improvements in biotic interactions (section 3.2.2), objectives might refer to re-introduction and re-establishment of specific species, communities, or habitats. Biodiversity and ecosystem services are being degraded faster than at any other time in human history. They also recognize that challenges such as incompatible land uses, habitat fragmentation, invasive alien species, air and water pollution, and climate change impacts, threaten the ecological integrity of some protected areas ecosystems. A human work, or a place that gives evidence of human activity or has spiritual or cultural meaning, and that has been determined to be of historic value. In particular, it integrates many principles and procedures of ecological risk assessment (e.g. Considering habitat requirements of target species as well as co-occurring and potentially essential symbiotic species (including microbial, floral and faunal organisms) that make up the ecosystem. Nisga'a Final Agreement (1999), Newfoundland and Labrador Succession/retrogression, Table AII.2: Essential Ecological Attributes and Reporting Categories provided as a checklist by the US EPA Science Advisory Board (US EPA Science Advisory Board 2002), Chemical and Physical Characteristics (Water, Air, Soil, and Sediment). Ecologically appropriate cultural practices of long-standing duration may be seen as a middle ground in a continuum of human influence – between inappropriate historic or contemporary influences at one end and self-organizing, autogenic nature at the other. Examining resource management agencies within and outside Canada, one finds that this list hardly varies. The above list contains agreements in force as of December 2006. Plans for implementation monitoring (i.e. British Columbia Parks. Individuals listed below provided additional input and advice throughout that process: Brian Bawtinheimer, Parks Planning and Management Branch, British Columbia Ministry of Environment; Joyce Gould, Alberta Tourism, Parks, and Recreation; Siân French, Department of Environment and Conservation, Government of Newfoundland and Labrador; Art Lynds, Parks and Recreation Division, Nova Scotia Department of Natural Resources; Bill Crins, Ontario Parks, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources; Serge Alain, Ministère du Développement durable, de l'Environnement et des Parcs, Québec; Karen Hamre, Northwest Territories Protected Areas Strategy; Cameron Eckert, Parks Branch, Yukon Department of Environment; Marlon Klassen, Lands Branch, Saskatchewan Environment; Helios Hernandez, Parks and Natural Areas Branch, Manitoba Conservation.

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